Two studies with absolute value of studentized residuals z-scores near 2.0 (Halle 2017 #7 and Gupta 2009 #18) have been identified as outliers.
Table. Studentized residuals.
##
## resid se z
## 15 0.3196 0.1561 2.0474
## 5 0.2374 0.1274 1.8631
## 1 0.2420 0.1712 1.4134
## 12 0.2769 0.2042 1.3565
## 24 0.2769 0.2042 1.3565
## 19 -0.1885 0.1488 -1.2666
## 11 -0.2041 0.1629 -1.2523
## 17 -0.1923 0.1681 -1.1437
## 21 0.2476 0.2171 1.1402
## 16 -0.1587 0.1595 -0.9948
## 22 -0.1593 0.1839 -0.8662
## 23 -0.1546 0.1864 -0.8296
## 14 -0.1274 0.2023 -0.6297
## 6 -0.0990 0.1632 -0.6064
## 2 -0.1224 0.2054 -0.5959
## 3 0.0915 0.1791 0.5110
## 20 -0.0536 0.1764 -0.3040
## 13 -0.0440 0.1781 -0.2470
## 8 0.0398 0.1737 0.2289
## 18 0.0311 0.1689 0.1841
## 10 -0.0277 0.1667 -0.1659
## 7 -0.0202 0.1828 -0.1104
## 4 -0.0153 0.1731 -0.0881
## 9 -0.0154 0.1837 -0.0840
The same two studies were the biggest outliers in Baujat plot and Leave-one-out analysis plot (See below).
However, no influential study has been identified.
##
## rstudent dffits cook.d cov.r tau2.del QE.del hat weight dfbs inf
## 1 1.4134 0.3007 0.0885 1.0219 0.0216 169.8958 0.0424 4.2407 0.3007
## 2 -0.5959 -0.1061 0.0113 1.0393 0.0224 177.9967 0.0299 2.9876 -0.1060
## 3 0.5110 0.1022 0.0106 1.0571 0.0226 177.6260 0.0400 4.0029 0.1022
## 4 -0.0881 -0.0228 0.0005 1.0734 0.0229 178.6828 0.0435 4.3541 -0.0228
## 5 1.8631 0.5442 0.1968 0.7661 0.0145 107.6743 0.0528 5.2790 0.5221
## 6 -0.6064 -0.1482 0.0235 1.1164 0.0239 172.6503 0.0515 5.1516 -0.1490
## 7 -0.1104 -0.0249 0.0006 1.0589 0.0227 178.6767 0.0385 3.8462 -0.0248
## 8 0.2289 0.0450 0.0021 1.0702 0.0229 178.3807 0.0431 4.3113 0.0450
## 9 -0.0840 -0.0194 0.0004 1.0580 0.0227 178.6887 0.0380 3.8017 -0.0194
## 10 -0.1659 -0.0523 0.0031 1.1651 0.0252 178.3091 0.0520 5.1960 -0.0528
## 11 -1.2523 -0.2770 0.0754 1.0338 0.0217 168.2022 0.0473 4.7267 -0.2768
## 12 1.3565 0.2388 0.0567 1.0214 0.0219 174.6235 0.0299 2.9876 0.2391
## 13 -0.2470 -0.0540 0.0030 1.0636 0.0227 178.5173 0.0407 4.0705 -0.0540
## 14 -0.6297 -0.1138 0.0130 1.0402 0.0224 177.8807 0.0308 3.0844 -0.1137
## 15 2.0474 0.4749 0.2014 0.9456 0.0194 152.8017 0.0468 4.6774 0.4728
## 16 -0.9948 -0.2304 0.0534 1.0590 0.0223 166.2581 0.0506 5.0642 -0.2305
## 17 -1.1437 -0.2471 0.0608 1.0424 0.0221 172.0812 0.0448 4.4819 -0.2471
## 18 0.1841 0.0239 0.0007 1.2049 0.0262 176.9421 0.0528 5.2830 0.0242
## 19 -1.2666 -0.2906 0.0765 0.9746 0.0200 142.6677 0.0525 5.2534 -0.2880
## 20 -0.3040 -0.0665 0.0045 1.0655 0.0228 178.3900 0.0416 4.1611 -0.0665
## 21 1.1402 0.1881 0.0353 1.0243 0.0221 176.1403 0.0264 2.6438 0.1882
## 22 -0.8662 -0.1722 0.0298 1.0453 0.0223 176.5188 0.0375 3.7547 -0.1721
## 23 -0.8296 -0.1627 0.0266 1.0448 0.0224 176.8145 0.0365 3.6524 -0.1626
## 24 1.3565 0.2388 0.0567 1.0214 0.0219 174.6235 0.0299 2.9876 0.2391
Abbreviations: rstudent = studentized residuals, dffits = the change in the fitted values, cook.d = Cook’s distance, cov.r = covariance ratio, hat = leverage.
## pred ci.lb ci.ub pi.lb pi.ub cr.lb cr.ub
## 0.049352 0.017138 0.093079 0 0.29811 0 0.29811
##
## estimate ci.lb ci.ub
## tau^2 0.0269 0.0102 0.0514
## tau 0.1640 0.1011 0.2266
## I^2(%) 88.1313 73.8451 93.4099
## H^2 8.4255 3.8234 15.1744